PFAS-Contaminated Drinking Water and Kidney Cancer

What Are PFAS?

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), often called “forever chemicals,” are synthetic compounds used since the 1940s in products like nonstick cookware, water-repellent fabrics, food packaging, and aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) for firefighting. Their strong chemical bonds make them resistant to degradation, leading to persistent contamination of soil, air, and water. PFAS such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are found in approximately 45 percent of U.S. tap water, accumulating in the body over time and posing potential health risks.

How PFAS Contaminate Drinking Water

PFAS enter drinking water through various pathways, including industrial discharges, landfill runoff, wastewater treatment plants, and AFFF used in firefighting at military bases and airports. These chemicals spread into groundwater and surface water, contaminating municipal and private well water supplies. The widespread presence of PFAS in drinking water affects communities across urban and rural areas, exposing millions to low but cumulative levels of these chemicals.

The Link Between PFAS-Contaminated Drinking Water and Kidney Cancer

Emerging research suggests that prolonged exposure to PFAS in drinking water may increase the risk of kidney cancer, particularly in areas with high contamination levels.

Key Research Findings on the Link Between Kidney Cancer and PFAS Exposure

• National Cancer Institute (2023): Studies found that individuals with higher blood levels of PFOA and PFOS, often from contaminated drinking water, had an elevated risk of kidney cancer. This includes communities near sites where AFFF was used.
• Multiethnic Cohort Study (2023): Research indicated a suggestive increase in kidney cancer risk associated with higher PFNA (a type of PFAS) levels, with stronger associations among African American participants, pointing to potential disparities in exposure or susceptibility.
• C8 Science Panel (2011–2013): A study of residents near a DuPont facility in West Virginia with PFOA-contaminated water found a probable link between long-term PFOA exposure and kidney cancer, based on elevated cancer rates in the community.
• Mechanisms of Risk: PFAS may contribute to kidney cancer through oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and epigenetic changes that alter gene expression, potentially promoting tumor development.
• Public Health Impact: PFAS in drinking water is estimated to contribute to thousands of cancer cases annually in the U.S., including kidney cancer, due to chronic exposure.

While the exact mechanisms and extent of the risk are still under study, the evidence points to a dose-response relationship, where higher and longer-term PFAS exposure increases the likelihood of kidney cancer.

Who Is at Risk of Developing Kidney Cancer from PFAS Exposure?

• Communities Near Contaminated Sites: Areas near industrial facilities, landfills, or sites where AFFF was used (such as military bases and airports) often have elevated PFAS levels in drinking water.
• General Population: With nearly half of U.S. tap water containing PFAS, even low-level chronic exposure can accumulate over time, increasing risk.
• High-Risk Groups: Individuals with a family history of kidney cancer, smoking history, or other risk factors like obesity may be more vulnerable to PFAS-related effects.

The link between PFAS-contaminated drinking water and kidney cancer is supported by growing evidence, though more research is needed to fully understand the extent of the risk. The absolute risk remains relatively low, but chronic exposure to PFAS in water supplies is a concern, particularly in heavily contaminated areas. If you experience symptoms like blood in the urine or persistent side pain, consult a healthcare provider promptly. Staying informed and proactive can help protect your health.

PFAS Lawyers

If you have testicular or kidney cancer or ulcerative colitis and were regularly exposed to PFAS in drinking water, you may be entitled to compensation for medical bills, lost wages, loss of consortium, and more. Contact us for a free consultation.